THE MEASURE OF REALITY
QUANTIFICATION AND WESTERN SOCIETY, 1250-1600
CROSBY, ALFRED W.
Western Europeans were among the first, if not the first, to invent mechanical clocks, geometrically precise maps, double-entry bookkeeping, precise algebraic and musical notations, and perspective painting. By the sixteenth century more people were thinking quantitatively in western Europe than in any other part of the world. The Measure of Reality discusses the epochal shift from qualitative to quantitative perception in Western Europe during the late Middle Ages and Renaissance. This shift made modern science, technology, business practice, and bureaucracy possible.
Pre-Galileo, Newton, etc. science in Europe Connection between math/science and the arts Connection between painting and European navigation/world conquest
Contents
Part I. Pantometria Achieved: 1. Pantometria, an introduction; 2. The venerable model; 3. Necessary, but insufficient; 4. Time; 5. Space; 6. Mathematics; Part II. Striking the Match: Visualization: 7. Visualization, an introduction; 8. Music; 9. Painting; 10. Bookkeeping; Part III. The New Model.
Reviews
In this thoroughly fascinating monograph, Alfred W. Crosby asks a fundamental question: How and why did it come to pass that Europeans, seemingly backward bumpkins in medieval times, became so successful as imperialists? John Allen Paulos, LA Times
The Measure of Reality has all the intellectual scope, vivid detail, imaginative interpretation and delicious wit that I expected from Crosbys earlier books. Here Crosby argues that Western Europeans were better imperialists than any humans before them in part because, from the thirteenth century onward, they thought about reality in quantitative terms and did so more consistently than other peoples. There is an important lesson here for today. Joel E. Cohen, Rockerfeller University
Crosby shows us how Europeans prepared for their world encompassing expansion after 1500 by learning how to measure, calculate and control the world around them by breaking reality into equal, arbitrary units. The Measure of Reality is a brilliant, provocative essay, as original and persuasive as his earlier Ecological Imperialism. A really significant little essay, full of new information and delightfully written as well. William H. McNeill
How the numerate urge developed and blossomed is the subject of this gracefully written book.
Crosby constructs a convincing account of how different forces came together to elevate quantification as a social and economic good in Western European society.
Crosby helps us fathom the arcane past - and understand our number-driven civilization. Karen Pennar, Business Week
Western Europe did remake itself during that thousand years in a way that no other culture in the world did - or even attempted to do. And that is the transformation addressed in a very accessible and readable way by Crosbys stimulating, wide-ranging study of the intellectual development of the medieval West. Richard Holt, The New York Times Book Review
